Renewable Energy
Tracking the US clean energy buildout: capacity additions, interconnection bottlenecks, curtailment (wasted energy), IRA-funded manufacturing, and offshore wind pipeline.
US Generation Mix History
Renewable sources as % of total generation
Source: EIA Electric Power Annual. Renewables: 22.6% of US generation in 2024. Clean (incl. nuclear): 40.8%.
Renewable Source Breakdown (2024)
| Source | Generation | Share | 10yr CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wind | 452 TWh | 10.5% | +9.5% |
| Solar | 220 TWh | 5.1% | +28.4% |
| Hydro | 243 TWh | 5.7% | -0.6% |
| Biomass | 43 TWh | 1.0% | -6.3% |
| Geothermal | 15 TWh | 0.4% | -0.4% |
| Total Renewables | 973 TWh | 22.6% | — |
Annual Capacity Additions
New solar, wind, and battery storage installed per year (GW)
Sources: EIA Form 860M, American Clean Power Association. 2026E = estimate.
Cumulative Installed Capacity
Total US installed solar, wind, and battery (GW)
Top 10 States by Renewable Capacity
| State | Solar | Wind | Battery | Total | RE % | Pipeline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas (TX) | 30.0 | 42.0 | 8.5 | 80.5 GW | 40% | +18.5 |
| California (CA) | 39.0 | 6.2 | 12.5 | 57.7 GW | 42% | +8.2 |
| Florida (FL) | 12.8 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 14.0 GW | 12% | +5.5 |
| Oklahoma (OK) | 1.5 | 11.8 | 0.5 | 13.8 GW | 48% | +3.0 |
| Iowa (IA) | 0.8 | 12.5 | 0.3 | 13.6 GW | 62% | +2.1 |
| Arizona (AZ) | 7.2 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 11.3 GW | 20% | +4.0 |
| North Carolina (NC) | 7.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 8.3 GW | 14% | +3.8 |
| Indiana (IN) | 3.5 | 3.2 | 0.4 | 7.1 GW | 18% | +4.2 |
| Georgia (GA) | 6.5 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 6.8 GW | 10% | +3.5 |
| Virginia (VA) | 5.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 5.8 GW | 8% | +6.5 |
Interconnection Queue Attrition
Only 7% avg completion rate — the rest die in queue
Renewable Curtailment — The Storage Opportunity
Clean energy wasted because the grid can't absorb it
Curtailed energy represents a direct economic loss and the opportunity for battery storage. California's duck curve drives solar curtailment during midday hours.
LCOE Comparison (2026)
Levelized Cost of Energy by technology ($/MWh)
LCOE Trend 2020-2026 (unsubsidized)
Sources: Lazard LCOE+ Analysis v18 (June 2025), BNEF, EIA. Battery LCOE reflects charging costs. Toggle to subsidized to see after-ITC/PTC values.
IRA Tax Credit Tracker
4 ActiveInflation Reduction Act incentives driving the clean energy transition
OBBBA (Jul 2025): wind/solar facilities must be placed in service by Dec 31, 2027 or begin construction by Jul 4, 2026; storage and other technologies retain longer timelines
10-year credit from placed-in-service date; OBBBA terminates 45Y for wind/solar placed in service after Dec 31, 2027 unless construction began by Jul 4, 2026
10-year credit from placed-in-service; OBBBA requires construction to begin before Jan 1, 2028 (accelerated from 2033)
Full value through 2029; phases down 25%/yr 2030-2032; expires 2033. Wind components (blades, nacelles, towers) expire after 2027 — not extended like solar/battery.
Projects must begin construction by Jan 2033
Terminated by OBBBA — not allowed for any vehicle acquired after Sept 30, 2025
Available 2024-2032 only
Source: IRS/Treasury final rules. Values reflect 2026 inflation adjustments where applicable.
IRA Manufacturing Tracker
| Company | Product | Location | Capacity | Invest. | Jobs | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panasonic | Battery | De Soto, KS(KS) | 32 GWh | $4.0B | 4,000 | operational45X |
| LG Energy Solution | Battery | Queen Creek, AZ(AZ) | 27 GWh | $5.5B | 2,800 | construction45X + 48C |
| Samsung SDI | Battery | Kokomo, IN(IN) | 33 GWh | $3.1B | 1,400 | operational45X |
| SK On | Battery | Commerce, GA(GA) | 21.5 GWh | $2.6B | 2,600 | operational45X |
| CATL (Ford JV) | Battery | Marshall, MI(MI) | 20 GWh | $3.5B | 2,500 | construction45X (disputed) |
| BlueOval SK | Battery | Glendale, KY(KY) | 86 GWh | $5.8B | 5,000 | cancelled45X |
| Toyota (TBMNC) | Battery | Liberty, NC(NC) | 30 GWh | $13.9B | 5,100 | operational45X + 48C |
| First Solar | Solar | Lawrence County, AL(AL) | 3.5 GW | $1.1B | 700 | operational45X |
| Qcells (Hanwha) | Solar | Cartersville, GA(GA) | 3.3 GW | $2.5B | 4,000 | operational45X + 48C |
| Meyer Burger | Solar | Goodyear, AZ(AZ) | 2 GW | $0.5B | 500 | cancelled45X |
| Maxeon Solar | Solar | Albuquerque, NM(NM) | 2 GW | $1.2B | 1,800 | cancelled45X + 48C |
| Canadian Solar | Solar | Mesquite, TX(TX) | 5 GW | $0.8B | 1,500 | operational45X |
| Enel/3Sun | Solar | Inola, OK(OK) | 3.3 GW | $1.0B | 1,000 | delayed45X |
| CubicPV | Wafer | undisclosed, US(US) | 10 GW | $1.4B | 800 | cancelled45X |
| GE Vernova | Wind | Schenectady, NY(NY) | — | $0.5B | 250 | operational45X |
| Siemens Gamesa | Wind | Virginia Beach, VA(VA) | — | $0.2B | 310 | operational45X |
| Vestas | Wind | Brighton, CO(CO) | — | $0.0B | 1,000 | operational45X |
| Enphase Energy | Inverter | multiple US(US) | 5 GW | $0.1B | 500 | operational45X |
IRA Section 45X: Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit. 48C: Advanced Energy Project Credit. ATVM: Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program.
Offshore Wind Pipeline & Delays
First US offshore wind farm. 5 turbines. Proof of concept.
First utility-scale US offshore wind. All 62 GE Haliade-X 13MW turbines installed Mar 2026. 49 of 62 activated (~300 MW output); PPAs activated Apr 2026. Federal lease suspension Dec 2025 overturned by court Jan 2026.
12 Siemens Gamesa 11MW turbines. Operational early 2024.
Began delivering power Mar 13, 2026 (~60 of 65 turbines installed); full 704 MW commercial operations expected H2 2026. Federal lease suspension Dec 2025 overturned by court injunction Jan 2026.
Turbine installation began Feb 2026 after court injunction overturned lease suspension. Five turbines and offshore substation installed as of May 2026; initial power expected H2 2026, full operations 2027.
Largest US offshore project. 176 Siemens 14.7MW turbines. First power delivered Mar 23, 2026; full completion expected early 2027. Cost rose to ~$11.5B including suspension costs and tariff estimates.
Resumed construction Jan 2026 after court injunction. 60%+ complete. First power expected late 2026, full commissioning 2027.
Cancelled Jan 2024. Equinor/BP exited citing cost inflation and supply chain challenges.
Cancelled Oct 2023. $4B write-down. CEO resigned. Cited macro conditions and supply chain costs.
Cancelled alongside Ocean Wind 1. NJ rebid the capacity in 2024.
Orsted terminated Maryland offtake agreement Jan 2024. No PPA or interconnection agreement. Effectively suspended.
MarWin lease area. BOEM approved COP Dec 2024. Up to 2 GW capacity. Trump admin asked federal court to vacate COP approval; judge dismissed US Wind counterclaims Feb 2026 as federal permit review continues. Offshore construction targeted 2028.
BOEM seeking to remand/reconsider its own approval (Dec 2025). Effectively suspended under Trump admin review.
Formerly Mayflower Wind. Shell sold stake to Ocean Winds Mar 2024. BOEM approved COP Jan 2025 but subsequently remanded under Trump admin. Permits frozen; indefinite limbo.
Petitioned NJ BPU Jun 2025 to terminate ORECs after EPA remanded air permit (Mar 2025) and federal permitting freeze. Shell took $1B impairment, EDF $980M.
Track corporate power purchase agreements driving buildout.
View Corporate PPA Tracker →Renewable buildout drives grid infrastructure demand.
View Grid Infrastructure Tracker →Data centers compete with renewables for grid interconnection.
View Data Center Energy Demand →